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It has been 20 years since the concept of cognitive radio (CR) was proposed,which is an efficient approach to provide more access opportunities to connectmassive wireless devices. To improve the spectrum efficiency, CR enablesunlicensed usage of licensed spectrum resources. It has been regarded as thekey enabler for intelligent communications. In this article, we will provide anoverview on the intelligent communication in the past two decades to illustratethe revolution of its capability from cognition to artificial intelligence(AI). Particularly, this article starts from a comprehensive review of typicalspectrum sensing and sharing, followed by the recent achievements on theAI-enabled intelligent radio. Moreover, research challenges in the futureintelligent communications will be discussed to show a path to the realdeployment of intelligent radio. After witnessing the glorious developments ofCR in the past 20 years, we try to provide readers a clear picture on howintelligent radio could be further developed to smartly utilize the limitedspectrum resources as well as to optimally configure wireless devices in thefuture communication systems.

20 Years of Evolution from Cognitive to Intelligent Communications