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Rheological phase transitions open the door to the less explored realm ofnon-equilibrium phase transitions. The main mechanism driving these transitionsis usually mechanical perturbation by shear--- an unjamming mechanism.Investigating discontinuous shear thickening (DST) is challenging because theshear counterintuitively acts as a jamming mechanism. Moreover, at the brink ofthis transition, a thickening material exhibits fluctuations that extend bothspatially and temporally. Despite recent extensive research, the origins ofsuch spatiotemporal fluctuations remain unidentified. Here, we investigatelarge fluctuations in DST by using versatile tools of stochasticthermodynamics. We discover a non-equilibrium dichotomy in the underlyingmechanisms that give rise to large fluctuations and demonstrate that thisdichotomy is a manifestation of novel collective behaviors across thetransition. We then reveal the origin of spatiotemporal fluctuations in theshear thickening transition. Our study emphasizes the roles of stochasticthermodynamics tools in investigating non-equilibrium phase transitions, anddemonstrates that these transitions are accompanied by simple dichotomies. Weexpect that our general approach will pave the way to unmasking the nature ofnon-equilibrium phase transitions.

Origin of Spatiotemporal Fluctuations in Discontinuous Shear Thickening