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A characteristic property of many soft matter systems is an ultrasofteffective interaction between their structural units. This softness often leadsto complex behavior. In particular, ultrasoft systems under pressuredemonstrate polymorphism of complex crystal and quasicrystal structures.Therefore, it is of interest to investigate how different can be the structureof the fluid state in such systems at different pressures. Here we address thisissue for the model liquid composed of particles interacting through theharmonic-repulsive pair potential. This system can form different crystalstructures as the liquid is cooled. We find that, at certain pressures, theliquid exhibits unusual properties, such as the negative thermal expansioncoefficient. Besides, the volume and the potential energy of the system canincrease during crystallization. At certain pressures, the system demonstrateshigh stability against crystallization and it is hardly possible to crystallizeit on the timescales of the simulations. To address the liquid's structure athigh pressures, we consider the scaled pair distribution function (PDF) and thebond-orientational order (BOO) parameters. The marked change happening with thePDF, as pressure increases, is the splitting of the first peak which is causedby the appearance of non-negligible interaction with the second neighbors andthe following rearrangement of the structure. Our findings suggest thatnon-trivial effects, usually explained by different interactions at differentspatial scales, can be observed also in one-component systems with simpleone-length-scale ultrasoft repulsive interactions.

Anomalous behavior and structure of a liquid of particles interacting  through the harmonic-repulsive pair potential near the crystallization  transition