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Levan is a bacterial homopolysaccharide, which consists of beta-2,6 linkedbeta-D-fructose monomers. Because of its structural properties and its healthpromoting effects, levan is a promising functional ingredient for the food,cosmetic and pharma industry. The properties of levan have been reported to belinked to its molecular weight. For a better understanding of how its molecularweight determines its polymer conformation in aqueous solution, levan producedby the food grade acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter albidus TMW 2.1191 wasanalysed over a broad molecular weight range using dynamic and static lightscattering and viscometry. Levan, with low molecular weight, exhibited acompact random coil structure. As the molecular weight increased, the structuretransformed into a compact non-drained sphere. The density of the spherecontinued to increase with increasing molecular weight. This resulted in anegative exponent in the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada Plot. For the first time, anincrease in molecular density with increasing molecular weight, as determinedby a negative Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent, could be shown for biopolymers.Our results reveal the unique properties of high-molecular weight levan andindicate the need of further systematic studies on the structure-functionrelationship of levans for their targeted use in food, cosmetic andpharmaceutical applications.

Molecular Weight Dependent Structure and Polymer Density of the Exopolysaccharide Levan