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To boost energy saving for the general delay-tolerant IoT networks, atwo-stage and single-relay queueing communication scheme is investigated.Concretely, a traffic-aware $N$-threshold and gated-service policy are appliedat the relay. As two fundamental and significant performance metrics, the meanwaiting time and long-term expected power consumption are explicitly derivedand related with the queueing and service parameters, such as packet arrivalrate, service threshold and channel statistics. Besides, we take into accountthe electrical circuit energy consumptions when the relay server and accesspoint (AP) are in different modes and energy costs for mode transitions,whereby the power consumption model is more practical. The expected powerminimization problem under the mean waiting time constraint is formulated.Tight closed-form bounds are adopted to obtain tractable analytical formulaewith less computational complexity. The optimal energy-saving service thresholdthat can flexibly adjust to packet arrival rate is determined. In addition,numerical results reveal that: 1) sacrificing the mean waiting time notnecessarily facilitates power savings; 2) a higher arrival rate leads to agreater optimal service threshold; and 3) our policy performs better than thecurrent state-of-the-art.

Traffic-aware Two-stage Queueing Communication Networks: Queue Analysis and Energy Saving