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Many satellite operators are planning to deploy NGSO systems for broadbandcommunication services in the Ku-, Ka-, and V-band, where some of them havealready launched. Consequently, new challenges are expected for inter-systemsatellite coexistence due to the increased interference level and thecomplexity of the interactions resulting from the heterogeneity of theconstellations. This is especially relevant for the Ku-band, where the NGSOsystems are most diverse and existing GSO systems, which often support criticalservices, must be protected from interference. It is thus imperative toevaluate the impact of mutual inter-system interference, the efficiency of thebasic interference mitigation techniques, and whether regulatory interventionis needed for the new systems. We conduct an extensive study of inter-satellitecoexistence in the Ku-band, where we consider all recently proposed NGSO andsome selected GSO systems. Our throughput degradation results suggest thatexisting spectrum regulation may be insufficient to ensure GSO protection fromNGSO interference, especially due to the high transmit power of the LEO Keplersatellites. This also results in strong interference towards other NGSOsystems, where traditional interference mitigation techniques like look-asidemay perform poorly. Specifically, look-aside can be beneficial for largeconstellations, but detrimental for small constellations. Furthermore, weconfirm that band-splitting among satellite operators significantly degradesthroughput, also for the Ku-band. Our results overall show that the complexityof the inter-satellite interactions for new NGSO systems is too high to bemanaged via simple interference mitigation techniques. This means that moresophisticated engineering solutions, and potentially even more strictregulatory requirements, will be needed to ensure coexistence in emerging,dense NGSO deployments.

Should We Worry About Interference in Emerging Dense NGSO Satellite Constellations?