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We have developed a model that describes the major characteristics of arupture, ranging from regular earthquakes (EQs) to slow slip events (SSEs),including episodic tremor and slip (ETS). Previous model predictions, whileaccurate, are based on a highly idealized initial stress distribution and asimple velocity-dependent expression for friction. The full scope of the modelhas, therefore, not been fully demonstrated. Further developments, presentedhere, include more physically realistic treatments of both the initialconditions and friction. Model predictions are: (1) The type of a seismicevent, i.e. regular EQ or SSE, is determined by the fault strength, the shearto normal stress ratio, and the gradient in the ratio. Quantitative values forthese crucial parameters are also obtained here; (2) Rupture velocities forregular EQs range from a fraction of the shear wave velocity up to thesupershear velocity. The maximum slip velocity for regular EQs is typically onthe order of 1 m/s. For SSEs, the slip velocity ranges widely from a fewcm/year up to 0.1 m/s. The magnitude of the stress drop may vary in the rangefrom 1% to 10% of the initial shear stress for regular EQs and from 0.1% to 10%for the SSEs; (3) The rupture can expend as a crack-like mode or as aself-healing pulse mode. The type of rupture mode is determined by the stressratio and its gradient. If stress heterogeneity has a step-like shape, therupture is always crack-like. If the heterogeneity is localized, the rupture iscrack-like for sufficiently large values of the stress and its gradient and ispulse-like for smaller values; (4) After an instability develops, rupturedynamics do not depend on the relative values of the rate-state a and bparameters, i.e., it does not matter if frictional sliding isvelocity-weakening or velocity-strengthening. Models based on the rate-stateare not consistent with this result.

Towards a simple, comprehensive model of regular earthquakes and slow slip events, part I: one-dimensional model