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We exploit the premises of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPDs) induced inlinear time-periodic (LTP) systems to achieve extremely sensitive biosensors.The EPD is formed in a single LC resonator where the total capacitance iscomprised of a time-varying capacitor in parallel to a biosensing capacitor. Weuse the time-periodic variation of a system parameter (e.g., capacitance) toachieve a second order EPD aiming at improving the sensitivity of liquid basedradio frequency biosensors, leading to an intrinsic ultra sensitivity. We showthe emergence of EPDs in such a system and the ultra sensitivity of thedegenerate resonance frequency to perturbations compared to conventional RFsensors. Moreover, we investigate the capacitance and conductance variations ofan interdigitated biosensing capacitor to the changes in the concentration of abiological material under test (MUT), leading to subsequent large changes inthe resonance frequency of the LTP-LC resonator. A comparison with a standardLC resonator demonstrates the ultra-high sensitivity of the proposed LTP-LCbased biosensor. In addition, we show the scalability of the biosensorsensitivity across different frequency ranges.

Ultra-Sensitive Radio Frequency Biosensor at an Exceptional Point of Degeneracy induced by Time Modulation