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This White Paper outlines the importance of addressing the fundamentalscience theme <<How are charged particles energized in space plasmas>> througha future ESA mission. The White Paper presents five compelling sciencequestions related to particle energization by shocks, reconnection,waves andturbulence, jets and their combinations. Answering these questions requiresresolving scale coupling, nonlinearity and nonstationarity, which cannot bedone with existing multi-point observations. In situ measurements from amulti-point, multi-scale L-class plasma observatory consisting of at least 7spacecraft covering fluid, ion and electron scales are needed. The plasmaobservatory will enable a paradigm shift in our comprehension of particleenergization and space plasma physics in general, with very important impact onsolar and astrophysical plasmas. It will be the next logical step followingCluster, THEMIS and MMS for the very large and active European space plasmascommunity. Being one of the cornerstone missions of the future ESA Voyage2035-2050 science program, it would further strengthen the European scientificand technical leadership in this important field.

Particle Energization in Space Plasmas: Towards a Multi-Point,  Multi-Scale Plasma Observatory. A White Paper for the Voyage 2050 long-term  plan in the ESA's Science Programme