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The use of connected surgical robotics to automate medical procedurespresents new privacy challenges. We argue that conventional patient consentprotocols no longer work. Indeed robots that replace human surgeons take on anextraordinary level of responsibility. Surgeons undergo years of training andpeer review in a strongly regulated environment, and derive trust via apatient's faith in the hospital system. Robots on the other hand derive trustdifferently, via the integrity of the software that governs their operation.From a privacy perspective, there are two fundamental shifts. First, the threatmodel has shifted from one where the humans involved were untrusted to onewhere the robotic software is untrusted. Second, the basic unit of privacycontrol is no longer a medical record, but is replaced by four new basic units:the subject on which the robot is taking action; the tools used by the robot;the sensors (i.e data) the robot can access; and, finally access to monitoringand calibration services which afford correct operation of the robot. Wesuggest that contextual privacy provides useful theoretical tools to solve theprivacy problems posed by surgical robots. However, it also poses somechallenges: not least that the complexity of the contextual-privacy policies,if rigorously specified to achieve verification and enforceability, will beexceedingly high to directly expose to humans that review contextual privacypolicies. A medical robot works with both information and physical material.While informational norms allow for judgements about contextual integrity andthe transmission principle governs the constraints applied on informationtransfer, nothing is said about material property. Certainly, contextualprivacy provides an anchor for useful notions of privacy in this scenario andthus should be considered to be extended to cover both information and materialflows.

Privacy with Surgical Robotics: Challenges in Applying Contextual Privacy Theory