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Emerging high performance non-volatile memories recall the importance ofefficient file system design. To avoid the virtual file system (VFS) andsyscall overhead as in these kernel-based file systems, recent works deployfile systems directly in user level. Unfortunately, a userlevel file system caneasily be corrupted by a buggy program with misused pointers, and is hard toscale on multi-core platforms which incorporates a centralized coordinationservice. In this paper, we propose KucoFS, a Kernel and user-levelcollaborative file system. It consists of two parts: a user-level library withdirect-access interfaces, and a kernel thread, which performs metadata updatesand enforces write protection by toggling the permission bits in the pagetable. Hence, KucoFS achieves both direct-access of user-level designs andfine-grained write protection of kernel-level ones. We further explore itsscalability to multicores: For metadata scalability, KucoFS rebalances thepathname resolution overhead between the kernel and userspace, by adopting theindex offloading technique. For data access efficiency, it coordinates the dataallocation between kernel and userspace, and uses range-lock write andlock-free read to improve concurrency. Experiments on Optane DC persistentmemory show that KucoFS significantly outperforms existing file systems andshows better scalability.

Kernel/User-level Collaborative Persistent Memory File System with Efficiency and Protection