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Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have been puzzling us with a debatewhether they consist of an intermediate mass black hole or super-Eddingtonaccretion by a stellar mass black hole. Here we suggest that in the presence oflarge scale strong magnetic fields and non-negligible vertical motion, theluminosity of ULXs, particularly in their hard states, can be explained withsub-Eddington accretion by stellar mass black holes. In this framework of 2.5Dmagnetized advective accretion flows, magnetic tension plays the role oftransporting matter (equivalent to viscous shear via turbulent viscosity) andwe neither require to invoke an intermediate mass black hole norsuper-Eddington accretion. Our model explains the sources, like, NGC 1365X1/X2, M82 X42.3+59, M99 X1 etc. which are in their hard power-law dominatedstates.

ULXs as magnetized sub-Eddington advective accretion flows around stellar mass black holes