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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have the potential of realizingthe emerging concept of smart radio environments by leveraging the uniqueproperties of meta-surfaces. In this article, we discuss the potentialapplications of RISs in wireless networks that operate at high-frequency bands,e.g., millimeter wave (30-100 GHz) and sub-millimeter wave (greater than 100GHz) frequencies. When used in wireless networks, RISs may operate in a mannersimilar to relays. This paper elaborates on the key differences andsimilarities between RISs that are configured to operate as anomalousreflectors and relays. In particular, we illustrate numerical results thathighlight the spectral efficiency gains of RISs when their size is sufficientlylarge as compared with the wavelength of the radio waves. In addition, wediscuss key open issues that need to be addressed for unlocking the potentialbenefits of RISs.

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces vs. Relaying: Differences, Similarities, and Performance Comparison