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Pedestrian crowding occurs more frequent. As a result of the increasingpedestrian demand in public space, the limits of pedestrian spaces are ofincreasing interest. Some research on the maximum demand that can flow througha cross-section has been presented, which mainly features simple movement basecases, low-density situations and/or a homogeneous crowd. Consequently, it iscurrently unclear to what extent their findings apply to heterogeneoushigh-density crowds, which are often encountered during real-world scenarios.The CrowdLimits experiment attempted to reproduce crowd movement dynamics ofheterogeneous crowds experiencing higher densities than have been recorded upto this moment. Here, the aim was to study the impact of the three importantdifferences between the current laboratory studies and real-world crowddynamics in crowded pedestrian spaces simultaneously, namely crowdheterogeneity, high densities movements, and (more) complex movement basecases. This study shows that there are substantial differences in the maximumsustainable flow rate, and the maximum local and global sustainable density fordistinct movement base cases and flow ratios. Moreover, the results provideevidence of that continuation of flow under very high densities can berecreated under laboratory conditions using a heterogeneous population ofpedestrians. Besides, the experimental results indicate that the maximum globalflow rate decreases when the scenario becomes more difficult (i.e.bidirectional to intersecting) and the collision avoidance opportunitiesdecrease (i.e. 80-20 to 50-50 flow ratio). Thus, this paper concludes that themaximum flow rate of pedestrian infrastructures decreases with increasingcomplexity.

How many people can simultaneously move through a pedestrian space? The impact of complex flow situations on the shape of the fundamental diagram