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The mechanism of spontaneous exchange bias (SEB) and the dominant factor ofits blocking temperature are still unclear in Heusler alloys. Here, the relatedinvestigations are performed in Mn2Ni1.5Al0.5 Heusler alloys with SEB. Theresults of both magnetic measurements and first-principles calculationsconfirmed that spin frustrated and unfrustrated antiferromagnetic (AFM) statescoexist there and they have different magnetic anisotropies, which areessential for SEB. Based on a series of measurement strategies, we demonstratethat the frustrated AFM state undergoes a first-order magnetic transition tothe superferromagnet (SFM) state with the help of an external magnetic field,and SFM is retained due to the first-order property of the magnetic transition.SEB originates from the interface coupling of multiple sublattices between theunfrustrated AFM state and SFM state. By analyzing the Arrott plot using theLandau model, we found that the internal field of the system dominates theblocking temperature of SEB, which paves the way for improving the blockingtemperature.

Coexistence of spin frustration and spin unfrustration induced spontaneous exchange bias in Heusler alloys