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Next-generation dark matter direct detection experiments will explore severalorders of magnitude in the dark matter--nucleus scattering cross section belowcurrent upper limits. In case a signal is discovered the immediate task will beto determine the dark matter mass and to study the underlying interactions. Wedevelop a framework to determine the dark matter mass from signals in twoexperiments with different targets, independent of astrophysics. Our methodrelies on a distribution-free, nonparametric two-sample hypothesis test invelocity space, which neither requires binning of the data, nor any fitting ofparametrisations of the velocity distribution. We apply our method to realisticconfigurations of xenon and argon detectors such as XENONnT/DARWIN andDarkSide, and estimate the precision with which the DM mass can be determined.Once the dark matter mass is identified, the ratio of coupling strengths toneutrons and protons can be constrained by using the same data. The test can beapplied for event samples of order 20 events, but promising sensitivitiesrequire $\gtrsim 100$ events.

Astrophysics-independent determination of dark matter parameters from two direct detection signals