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Cosmic neutrinos above a PeV are produced either within astrophysical sourcesor when ultra-high energy cosmic rays interact in transit through the cosmicbackground radiation. Detection of these neutrinos will be essential forunderstanding cosmic ray acceleration, composition and source evolution. Byusing the Earth as a tau neutrino converter for upward-going extensive airshowers from tau decays, balloon-borne and space-based instruments can takeadvantage of a large volume and mass of the terrestrial neutrino target. Thetheoretical inputs and uncertainties in determining the tau lepton exitprobabilities and their translation to detection acceptance will be discussedin the context of a new calculation we have performed. We quantify theexperimental detection capability based on our calculation, including using theProbe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) concept study responseparameters for optical air Cherenkov detection. These case studies are used toillustrate the features and uncertainties in upward tau air shower detection.

A new calculation of Earth-skimming very- and ultra-high energy tau neutrinos