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Jupiter has the most energetic and complex radiation belts in our solarsystem. Their hazardous environment is the reason why so many spacecraft avoidrather than investigate them, and explains how they have kept many of theirsecrets so well hidden, despite having been studied for decades. In this WhitePaper we argue why these secrets are worth unveiling. Jupiter's radiation beltsand the vast magnetosphere that encloses them constitute an unprecedentedphysical laboratory, suitable for both interdisciplinary and novel scientificinvestigations: from studying fundamental high energy plasma physics processeswhich operate throughout the universe, such as adiabatic charged particleacceleration and nonlinear wave-particle interactions; to exploiting theastrobiological consequences of energetic particle radiation. The in-situexploration of the uninviting environment of Jupiter's radiation belts presentus with many challenges in mission design, science planning, instrumentationand technology development. We address these challenges by reviewing thedifferent options that exist for direct and indirect observation of this uniquesystem. We stress the need for new instruments, the value of synergistic Earthand Jupiter-based remote sensing and in-situ investigations, and the vitalimportance of multi-spacecraft, in-situ measurements. While simultaneous,multi-point in-situ observations have long become the standard for exploringelectromagnetic interactions in the inner solar system, they have never takenplace at Jupiter or any strongly magnetized planet besides Earth. We concludethat a dedicated multi-spacecraft mission to Jupiter's radiation belts is anessential and obvious way forward and deserves to be given a high priority inESA's Voyage 2050 programme.

The in-situ exploration of Jupiter's radiation belts (A White Paper submitted in response to ESA's Voyage 2050 Call)