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This paper studies the effect of the user hand grip on the design ofbeamforming codebooks for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) mobile handsets. Thehigh-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) is used to characterize the radiationfields for fourteen possible handgrip profiles based on experiments weconducted. The loss from hand blockage on the antenna gains can be up to 20-25dB, which implies that the possible hand grip profiles need to be taken intoaccount while designing beam codebooks. Specifically, we consider threedifferent codebook adaption schemes: a grip-aware scheme, where perfectknowledge of the hand grip is available; a semi-aware scheme, where just theapplication (voice call, messaging, etc.) and the orientation of the mobilehandset is known; and a grip-agnostic scheme, where the codebook ignores handblockage. Our results show that the ideal grip-aware scheme can provide morethan 50% gain in terms of the spherical coverage over the agnostic scheme,depending on the grip and orientation. Encouragingly, the more practicalsemi-aware scheme we propose provides performance approaching the fullygrip-aware scheme. Overall, we demonstrate that 5G mmWave handsets aredifferent from pre-5G handsets: the user grip needs to be explicitly factoredinto the codebook design.

Grip-Aware Analog mmWave Beam Codebook Adaptation for 5G Mobile Handsets