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The policy debate around researchers' geographic mobility has been movingaway from a theorized zero-sum game in which countries can be winners (braingain) or losers (brain drain), and toward the concept of brain circulation,which implies that researchers move in and out of countries and everyonebenefits. Quantifying trends in researchers' movements is key to understandingthe drivers of the mobility of talent, as well as the implications of thesepatterns for the global system of science, and for the competitive advantagesof individual countries. Existing studies have investigated bilateral flows ofresearchers. However, in order to understand migration systems, determining theextent to which researchers have worked in more than two countries isessential. This study focuses on the subgroup of highly mobile researchers whomwe refer to as peripatetic researchers or super-movers.  More specifically, our aim is to track the international movements ofresearchers who have published in more than two countries through changes inthe main affiliation addresses of researchers in over 62 million publicationsindexed in the Web of Science database over the 1956-2016 period. Using thisapproach, we have established a longitudinal dataset on the internationalmovements of highly mobile researchers across all subject categories, and inall disciplines of scholarship. This article contributes to the literature byoffering for the first time a snapshot of the key features of highly mobileresearchers, including their patterns of migration and return migration byacademic age, the relative frequency of their disciplines, and the relativefrequency of their countries of origin and destination. Among other findings,the results point to the emergence of a global system that includes the USA andChina as two large hubs, and England and Germany as two smaller hubs for highlymobile researchers.

The demography of the peripatetic researcher: Evidence on highly mobile scholars from the Web of Science