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In this work we have aimed to reproduce supra-threshold perception phenomena,specifically visual illusions, with Wilson-Cowan-type models of neuronaldynamics. We have found that it is indeed possible to do so, but that theability to replicate visual illusions is related to how well the neuralactivity equations comply with the efficient representation principle. Ourfirst contribution is to show that the Wilson-Cowan equations can reproduce anumber of brightness and orientation-dependent illusions, and that the lattertype of illusions require that the neuronal dynamics equations considerexplicitly the orientation, as expected. Then, we formally prove that therecan't be an energy functional that the Wilson-Cowan equations are minimizing,but that a slight modification makes them variational and yields a model thatis consistent with the efficient representation principle. Finally, we showthat this new model provides a better reproduction of visual illusions than theoriginal Wilson-Cowan formulation.

Visual illusions via neural dynamics: Wilson-Cowan-type models and the efficient representation principle