English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Contemporary debates on filter bubbles and polarization in public and socialmedia raise the question to what extent news media of the past exhibitedbiases. This paper specifically examines bias related to gender in six Dutchnational newspapers between 1950 and 1990. We measure bias related to gender bycomparing local changes in word embedding models trained on newspapers withdivergent ideological backgrounds. We demonstrate clear differences in genderbias and changes within and between newspapers over time. In relation to themessuch as sexuality and leisure, we see the bias moving toward women, whereas,generally, the bias shifts in the direction of men, despite growing femaleemployment number and feminist movements. Even though Dutch society became lessstratified ideologically (depillarization), we found an increasing divergencein gender bias between religious and social-democratic on the one hand andliberal newspapers on the other. Methodologically, this paper illustrates howword embeddings can be used to examine historical language change. Future workwill investigate how fine-tuning deep contextualized embedding models, such asELMO, might be used for similar tasks with greater contextual information.

Using Word Embeddings to Examine Gender Bias in Dutch Newspapers, 1950-1990