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Logic locking has emerged as a promising solution for protecting thesemiconductor intellectual Property (IP) from the untrusted entities in thedesign and fabrication process. Logic locking hides the functionality of the IPby embedding additional key-gates in the circuit. The correct output of thechip is produced, once the correct key value is available at the input of thekey-gates. The confidentiality of the key is imperative for the security of thelocked IP as it stands as the lone barrier against IP infringement. Therefore,the logic locking is considered as a broken scheme once the key value isexposed. The research community has shown the vulnerability of the logiclocking techniques against different classes of attacks, such as Oracle-guidedand physical attacks. Although several countermeasures have already beenproposed against such attacks, none of them is simultaneously impeccableagainst Oracle-guided, Oracle-less, and physical attacks. Under suchcircumstances, a defense-in-depth approach can be considered as a practicalapproach in addressing the vulnerabilities of logic locking. Defense-in-depthis a multilayer defense approach where several independent countermeasures areimplemented in the device to provide aggregated protection against differentattack vectors. Introducing such a multilayer defense model in logic locking isthe major contribution of this paper. With regard to this, we first identifythe core components of logic locking schemes, which need to be protected.Afterwards, we categorize the vulnerabilities of core components according topotential threats for the locking key in logic locking schemes. Furthermore, wepropose several defense layers and countermeasures to protect the device fromthose vulnerabilities. Finally, we turn our focus to open research questionsand conclude with suggestions for future research directions.

Defense-in-Depth: A Recipe for Logic Locking to Prevail