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Apis mellifera plays a crucial role as pollinator of the majority of cropslinked to food production and thus its presence is currently fundamental to ourhealth and survival. The composition and configuration of the landscape inwhich Apis mellifera lives will likely determine the well-being of the hivesand the pollination service that their members can provide to the crops. Herewe present a spatially explicit model that predicts the spatial distribution ofvisits by Apis mellifera to crops, by simulating daily trips of honey bees, thedemographical dynamic of each hive and their honey production. This model goesbeyond existing approaches by including 1) a flower resource affected by thefeedback interaction between nectar extraction, pollination, blossoming andrepeated visits, 2) a pollinators dynamic that allows competition through shortterm resource depletion, 3) a probabilistic approach of the foraging behavior,modeling the fact that the pollinators have only partial knowledge of theresource on their surroundings, and 4) the specific and systematic foragingbehavior and strategies of Apis mellifera at the moment of choosing foragingsites, as opposed to those adopted by solitary and wild pollinators. With abalance between simplicity and realism we show the importance of keeping aminimal fraction of natural habitat in an agricultural landscape. We alsoevaluate the effects of the landscape's structure on pollination, anddemonstrate that there exists an optimal size of natural habitat patches thatmaximizes the pollination service for a fixed fraction of natural habitat.

A spatially extended model to assess the role of landscape structure on the pollination service of Apis mellifera