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Background: Genomic data have been collected by different institutions andcompanies and need to be shared for broader use. In a cross-site genomic datasharing system, a secure and transparent access control audit module plays anessential role in ensuring the accountability. The 2018 iDASH competition firsttrack provides us with an opportunity to design efficient logging and queryingsystem for cross-site genomic dataset access audit. We designed ablockchain-based log system which can provide a light-weight and widelycompatible module for existing blockchain platforms. The submitted solution wonthe third place of the competition. In this paper, we report the technicaldetails in our system. Methods: We present two methods: baseline method andenhanced method. We started with the baseline method and then adjusted ourimplementation based on the competition evaluation criteria and characteristicsof the log system. To overcome obstacles of indexing on the immutableBlockchain system, we designed a hierarchical timestamp structure whichsupports efficient range queries on the timestamp field. Results: Weimplemented our methods in Python3, tested the scalability, and compared theperformance using the test data supplied by competition organizer. Wesuccessfully boosted the log retrieval speed for complex AND queries thatcontain multiple predicates. For the range query, we boosted the speed for atleast one order of magnitude. The storage usage is reduced by 25%. Conclusion:We demonstrate that Blockchain can be used to build a time and space efficientlog and query genomic dataset audit trail. Therefore, it provides a promisingsolution for sharing genomic data with accountability requirement acrossmultiple sites.

Effcient logging and querying for Blockchain-based cross-site genomic dataset access audit