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A sensitive survey of the MeV gamma-ray sky is needed to understand importantastrophysical problems such as gamma-ray bursts in the early universe,progenitors of Type Ia supernovae, and the nature of dark matter. However, thestudy has not progressed remarkably since the limited survey by COMPTEL onboardCGRO in the 1990s. Tanimori et al. have developed a Compton camera that tracksthe trajectory of each recoil electron in addition to the information obtainedby the conventional Compton cameras, leading to superior imaging. This ElectronTracking Compton Camera (ETCC) facilitates accurate reconstruction of theincoming direction of each MeV photon from a wide sky at ~degree angularresolution and with minimized particle background using trajectory information.The latest ETCC model, SMILE-2+, made successful astronomical observationsduring a day balloon flight in 2018 April and detected diffuse continuum and511 keV annihilation line emission from the Galactic Center region at a highsignificance in ~2.5 hours. We believe that MeV observations from space withupgraded ETCCs will dramatically improve our knowledge of the MeV universe. Weadvocate for a space-based all-sky survey mission with multiple ETCCs onboardand detail its expected benefits.

A Space-based All-sky MeV gamma-ray Survey with the Electron Tracking Compton Camera