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Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) that enables the control of the wirelesspropagation environment has been looked upon as a promising technology forboosting the spectrum and energy efficiency in future wireless communicationsystems. Prior works on IRS are mainly based on the ideal phase shift modelassuming the full signal reflection by each of the elements regardless of itsphase shift, which, however, is practically difficult to realize. In contrast,we propose in this paper a practical phase shift model that captures thephase-dependent amplitude variation in the element-wise reflection coefficient.Applying this new model to an IRS-aided wireless system, we formulate a problemto maximize its achievable rate by jointly optimizing the transmit beamformingand the IRS reflect beamforming. The formulated problem is non-convex anddifficult to be optimally solved in general, for which we propose alow-complexity suboptimal solution based on the alternating optimization (AO)technique. Simulation results unveil a substantial performance gain achieved bythe joint beamforming optimization based on the proposed phase shift model ascompared to the conventional ideal model.

Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Practical Phase Shift Model and Beamforming Optimization