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Postural instability is prevalent in aging and neurodegenerative disease,decreasing quality of life and independence. Quantitatively monitoring balancecontrol is important for assessing treatment efficacy and rehabilitationprogress. However, existing technologies for assessing postural sway arecomplex and expensive, limiting their widespread utility. Here, we propose amonocular imaging system capable of assessing sub-millimeter 3D sway dynamicsduring quiet standing. Two anatomical targets with known feature geometrieswere placed on the lumbar and shoulder. Upper and lower trunk 3D kinematicmotion was automatically assessed from a set of 2D frames through geometricfeature tracking and an inverse motion model. Sway was tracked in 3D andcompared between control and hypoperfusion conditions in 14 healthy youngadults. The proposed system demonstrated high agreement with a commercialmotion capture system (error $1.5 \times 10^{-4}~\text{mm}$, [$-0.52$,$0.52$]). Between-condition differences in sway dynamics were observed inanterior-posterior sway during early and mid stance, and medial-lateral swayduring mid stance commensurate with decreased cerebral perfusion, followed byrecovered sway dynamics during late stance with cerebral perfusion recovery.This inexpensive single-camera system enables quantitative 3D sway monitoringfor assessing neuromuscular balance control in weakly constrained environments.

Monocular 3D Sway Tracking for Assessing Postural Instability in Cerebral Hypoperfusion During Quiet Standing