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Massive connections and high data rate services are key players in 5Gecosystem and beyond. To satisfy the requirements of these types of services,non orthogonal multiple Access (NOMA) and 3-dimensional beam-forming (3DBF) canbe exploited. In this paper, we devise a novel joint radio resource allocationand 3D multiple input single output (MISO) BF algorithm in NOMA-basedheterogeneous networks (HetNets) at which our main aim is to maximize theprofit of mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). To this end, we considermultiple infrastructure providers (InPs) and MVNOs serving multiple users. EachInP has multiple access points as base stations (BSs) with specified spectrumand multi-beam antenna array in each transmitter that share its spectrum withusers by employing NOMA. To realize this, we formulate a novel optimizationproblem at which the main aim is to maximize the revenue of MVNOs, subject toresource limitations and quality of service (QoS) constraints. Since ourproposed optimization problem is non-convex, NP-hard and mathematicallyintractable, we transform it into a convex one by introducing a newoptimization variable and converting the variables with adopting successiveconvex approximation. More importantly, the proposed solution is assessed andcompared with the alternative search method and the optimal solution that isobtained with adopting the exhaustive search method. In addition, the proposedalgorithm is studied from the computational complexity, convergence, andperformance perspective. Our simulation results demonstrate that NOMA-3DBF hasbetter performance and increases system throughput and revenue of MVNOscompared to orthogonal multiple access with 2DBF by approximately 64%.Especially, by exploiting 3DBF the revenue of MVNOs is improved by nearly 27%in contrast to 2DBF in a high order of antennas.

Joint Radio Resource Allocation and 3D Beam-forming in MISO-NOMA-based Network with Profit Maximization for Mobile Virtual Network Operators