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Bird collisions with high-speed transport modes is a vital topic on vehiclesafety and wildlife protection, especially when high-speed trains, with anaverage speed of 250km/h, have to run across the habitat of an endangered birdspecies. This paper evaluates the bird-train collision risk associated with arecent high-speed railway project in Qinling Mountains, China, for the crestedibis (Nipponia nippon) and other local bird species. Using line transectsurveys and walking monitoring techniques, we surveyed the populationabundance, spatial-temporal distributions, and bridge-crossing behaviors of thebirds in the study area. The results show that: (1) The crested ibis and theegret were the two most abundant waterfowl species in the study area. The RAIof these two species were about 43.69% and 42.91%, respectively; (2) Crestedibises overall habitat closer to the railway bridge. 91.63% of them werefirstly detected within the range of 0m to 25m of the vicinity of the bridge;(3) the ratio between crossing over and under the railway bridge was about 7:3.Crested ibises were found to prefer to fly over the railway bridge (89.29% ofthe total crossing activities observed for this species). Egrets were morelikely to cross the railway below the bridge, and they accounted for 60.27% ofthe total observations of crossing under the bridge. We recommend that, whilethe collision risk of crested ibises could be low, barrier-like structures,such as fences, should still be considered to promote the conservation ofmultiple bird species in the area. This paper provides a practical case forrailway ecology studies in China. To our best knowledge, this is the firsthigh-speed railway project that takes protecting crested ibises as one of thetop priorities, and exemplifies the recent nationwide initiative towards theconstruction of "eco-civilization" in the country.

Evaluating bird collision risk of a high-speed railway crossing the habitat of the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) in Qinling Mountains, China