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Synchronization is of importance in both fundamental and applied physics, buttheir demonstration at the micro/nanoscale is mainly limited to low-frequencyoscillations like mechanical resonators. Here, we report the synchronization oftwo coupled optical microresonators, in which the high-frequency resonances inoptical domain are aligned with reduced noise. It is found that two types ofsynchronization emerge with either the first- or second-order transition, bothpresenting a process of spontaneous symmetry breaking. In the second-orderregime, the synchronization happens with an invariant topological characternumber and a larger detuning than that of the first-order case. Furthermore, anunconventional hysteresis behavior is revealed for a time-dependent couplingstrength, breaking the static limitation and the temporal reciprocity. Thesynchronization of optical microresonators offers great potential inreconfigurable simulations of many-body physics and scalable photonic deviceson a chip.

Synchronization and temporal nonreciprocity of optical microresonators via spontaneous symmetry breaking