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Recently, the dual-phase grating based X-ray differential phase contrastimaging technique has shown better radiation dose efficiency performance thanthe Talbot-Lau system. In this paper, we provide a theoretical analysesframework derived from wave optics to ease the design of such interferometersystems, including the inter-grating distances, the diffraction fringe period,the phase grating periods, and especially the source grating period if amedical grade X-ray tube with large focal spot is utilized. In addition, ageometrical explanation of the dual-phase grating system similar to thestandard thin lens imaging theory is derived with an optical symmetryassumption for the first time. Finally, both numerical and experimental studieshave been performed to validate the theory.

X-ray differential phase contrast imaging on asymmetric dual-phase grating interferometer with source grating: theory and experiment