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The directional distribution of ocean surface roughness is examined using theKu, C and L band microwave radar backscattering. The parameters characterizingthe upwind-downwind and upwind-crosswind variations show nonmonotonicdependence on wind speed based on the analysis of Ku, C and L band geophysicalmodel functions (GMFs). A similarity relationship is derived from the GMFs ofthe three frequency bands to serve as the foundation of modeling the oceansurface roughness directional distribution function. The quantitative impactson the magnitude and directional properties of the calculated radarbackscattering cross section from using different directional distributionfunctions are investigated. The result indicates that it is important toinclude both upwind-downwind and upwind-crosswind variations in the directionaldistribution function in order to correctly model the radar scattering from theocean surface.

Directional Distribution of Ocean Surface Roughness Observed in Microwave Radar Backscattering