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Cost Surfaces are a quantitative means of assigning social, environmental,and engineering costs that impact movement across landscapes. Cost surfaces area crucial aspect of route optimization and least cost path (LCP) calculationsand are used in a wide range of disciplines including computer science,landscape ecology, and energy infrastructure modeling. Linear features presenta key weakness to traditional routing calculations along costs surfaces becausethey cannot identify whether moving from a cell to its adjacent neighborsconstitutes crossing a linear barrier (increased cost) or following a corridor(reduced cost). Following and avoiding linear features can drastically changepredicted routes. In this paper, we introduce an approach to address this"adjacency" issue using a search kernel that identifies these critical barriersand corridors. We have built this approach into a new Java-based open-sourcesoftware package called CostMAP (cost surface multi-layer aggregation program),which calculates cost surfaces and cost networks using the search kernel.CostMAP not only includes the new adjacency capability, it is also a versatilemulti-platform package that allows users to input multiple GIS data layers andto set weights and rules for developing a weighted-cost network. We compareCostMAP performance with traditional cost surface approaches and showsignificant performance gains, both following corridors and avoiding barriers,using examples in a movement ecology framework and pipeline routing for carboncapture, and storage (CCS). We also demonstrate that the new software canstraightforwardly calculate cost surfaces on a national scale.

CostMAP: An open-source software package for developing cost surfaces