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In this work we solve approximately the radiative heat transfer problem inone dimension to perform a comparative analysis of the time averagedperformance of the partially transparent radiative windows and radiativecoolers. Our physical model includes the atmosphere, the window, and thebackwall that are all in the thermal equilibrium with each other, and that canexchange energy via radiative heat transfer or convection. Moreover, we use asimplified two-state model for the optical properties of an atmosphere and awindow material which assumes two distinct sets of the opticalreflection/absorption/transmission parameters in the visible/near-IR versusmid-IR spectral ranges. Furthermore, we have distinguished the design goals forthe partially transparent windows and radiative coolers and provided optimalchoice for the material parameters to realize these goals. Thus, radiativecoolers are normally non-transparent in the visible, and the main goal is todesign a cooler with the temperature of its dark side as low as possiblecompared to that of the atmosphere. For the radiative windows, however, theirsurfaces are necessarily partially transparent in the visible. In the coolingmode, therefore, the main question is about the maximal visible lighttransmission through the window at which the temperature on the window somberside does not exceed that of the atmosphere. We believe that our simple, yetin-depth comparative analysis of the radiative windows and coolers can beuseful for a large number of scientists and engineers pursuing research inthese disciplines.

Simple physical models for the partially transparent radiative windows, comparison to the radiative coolers