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Wireless edge is about distributing intelligence to the wireless deviceswherein the distribution of accurate time reference is essential fortime-critical machine-type communication (cMTC). In 5G-based cMTC, enablingtime synchronization in the wireless edge means moving beyond the currentsynchronization needs and solutions in 5G radio access. In this article, weanalyze the device-level synchronization needs of potential cMTC applications:industrial automation, power distribution, vehicular communication, and liveaudio/video production. We present an over-the-air (OTA) synchronization schemecomprised of 5G air interface parameters, and discuss their associated timingerrors. We evaluate the estimation error in device-to-base station propagationdelay from timing advance (TA) under random errors and show how to reduce theestimation error. In the end, we identify the random errors specific to densemultipath fading environments and discuss countermeasures.

Time Synchronization in 5G Wireless Edge: Requirements and Solutions for Critical-MTC