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Purpose: To study placental function - both perfusion and an oxygenationsurrogate (T2*)-simultaneously and quantitatively in-vivo.  Methods: 15 pregnant women were scanned on a 3T MR scanner. For perfusionmeasurements, a velocity selective arterial spin labelling preparation modulewas placed before a multi-echo gradient echo EPI readout to integrate T2* andperfusion measurements in one joint perfusion-oxygenation (PERFOX) acquisition.Joint motion correction and quantification were performed to evaluate changesin T2* and perfusion over GA.  Results: The optimised integrated PERFOX protocol and post-processing allowedsuccessful visualization and quantification of perfusion and T2* in allsubjects. Areas of high T2* and high perfusion appear to correspond toplacental sub-units and show a systematic offset in location along thematernal-fetal axis. The areas of highest perfusion are consistently closer tothe maternal basal plate and the areas of highest T2* closer to the fetalchorionic plate. Quantitative results show a strong negative correlation ofgestational age with T2* and weak negative correlation with perfusion.  Conclusion: A strength of the joint sequence is that it provides trulysimultaneous and co-registered estimates of local T2* and perfusion, however,to achieve this, the time per slice is prolonged compared to a perfusion onlyscan which can potentially limit coverage. The achieved interlocking can beparticularly useful when quantifying transient physiological effects such asuterine contractions. PERFOX opens a new avenue to elucidate the relationshipbetween maternal supply and oxygen uptake, both of which are central toplacental function and dysfunction.

Perfusion and apparent oxygenation in the human placenta (PERFOX)