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The secondary atomization of liquid droplets is a common physical phenomenonin many industrial and engineering applications. Atomization in high speedcompressible flows is less well understood than its more frequently studied lowMach number counterpart. The key to understanding the mechanisms of secondaryatomization is examination of the breakup characteristics and droplettrajectories across a range of physical conditions. In this study, a planarshock wave impacting a cylindrical water column ($\rho_l=1000 \rm~kg/m^3$) issimulated for a range of Weber numbers ranging three orders of magnitude ($\sim10^0-10^3$). Four different incident shock speeds are simulated ($M_s=1.47, 2,2.5, 3$) which induce subsonic, transonic, and supersonic crossflow across thecolumn. The flowfield is solved using a compressible multicomponentNavier-Stokes solver with capillary forces. Fluid immiscibility is maintainedwith an interface sharpening scheme. Overall, a diverse range of complexinterface dynamics are captured across the range of physical conditionsstudied. Additionally, while the unsteady drag coefficient of the liquid columnshows a dependence on the Weber number using the undeformed diameter,calculations using the deformed diameter significantly reduce the dependence,particularly for the supersonic cases, with implications for subgrid dropletmodeling in atomization simulations. A preliminary under-resolvedthree-dimensional simulation of droplet breakup shows reasonable agreement withexperimental data, indicating the potential of the numerical approach forfuture investigations.

Secondary atomization of liquid columns in compressible crossflows