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Gas-liquid flows can be simulated by the Eulerian-Eulerian (E-E) method.Whether to include a specific momentum interfacial exchange force model remainsas a question with no answer. In this work, our aim is to seek a generalnumerical settings for the E-E method, which can provide competent results forindustrial bubbly flows with different geometries under different operations.They were selected from different industries including chemical, nuclear,bio-processing and metallurgical engineering. Simulations were launched by theOpenFOAM solver reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam, in which the E-E method wasimplemented with sophisticated numerical techniques to ensure stabilities.Predictions were compared against experimental data. It was found that the dragforce and turbulent dispersion force play the most important role on thepredictions and should be included for all simulations. The first one accountsfor the two-way coupling while the second one accounts for the turbulenceeffect and ensures the E-E equations to be well-posed. The lift force and walllubrication force should be included to address the phase fraction accumulationin the vicinity of the wall, especially for pipe flows with large aspect ratio.In other cases the lateral forces can be safely neglected. All the test caseare open-sourced and are available as supplementary data for anyone to downloadas baseline test cases.

Investigation of the force closure for Eulerian-Eulerian simulations: a validation study of nine gas-liquid flow cases