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Analog/digital hybrid beamforming architectures with large-scale antennaarrays have been widely considered in millimeter wave (mmWave) communicationsystems because they can address the tradeoff between performance and hardwareefficiency compared with traditional fully-digital beamforming. Most of theprior work on hybrid beamforming focused on fullyconnected architecture orpartially-connected scheme with fixedsubarrays, in which the analog beamformersare usually realized by infinite-resolution phase shifters (PSs). In thispaper, we introduce a novel hybrid beamforming architecture with dynamicsubarrays and hardware-efficient low-resolution PSs for mmWave multiusermultiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) systems. By dynamically connecting eachRF chain to a non-overlap subarray via a switch network and PSs, we can exploitmultiple-antenna and multiuser diversities to mitigate the performance loss dueto the use of practical low-resolution PSs. An iterative hybrid beamformerdesign algorithm is first proposed based on fractional programming (FP), aimingat maximizing the sum-rate performance of the MU-MISO system. In an effort toreduce the complexity, we also present a simple heuristic hybrid beamformerdesign algorithm for the dynamic subarray scheme. Extensive simulation resultsdemonstrate the advantages of the proposed hybrid beamforming architecture withdynamic subarrays and low-resolution PSs compared to existing fixed-subarrayschemes.

Hybrid beamforming with dynamic subarrays and low-resolution PSs for mmWave MU-MISO systems