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An important parameter used to characterize large-area field electronemitters (LAFEs) is the characteristic apex field enhancement factor{\gamma}_C. This parameter is normally extracted from the slope of aFowler-Nordheim (FN) plot. Several years ago, the development of an "orthodoxytest" allowed a sample of 19 published FN plots relating to LAFEs to be tested,and it was found that about 40% of the related papers were reporting spuriouslyhigh values for {\gamma}_C. In technological papers relating to LAFEcharacterization, common practice is to pre-convert the measured voltage intoan (apparent) value of macroscopic field before making and analyzing a FN plot.This paper suggests that the cause of the "spurious-FEF-value" problem is thewidespread use of a pre-conversion equation that is defective (for example, notcompatible with ordinary electrical circuit theory) when it is applied toso-called "non-ideal" field emission devices/systems. Many real devices/systems are non-ideal. The author argues that FN plots should be made using rawexperimental current-voltage data, and that an orthodoxy test should be appliedto the resulting FN plot before any more-detailed analysis, and that (in viewof growing concerns over the reliability of published "scientific" results)reviewers should scrutinize field emission materials-characterization paperswith enhanced care.

Field emission: Why converting LAFE voltages to macroscopic fields  before making a Fowler-Nordheim plot has often led to spurious  characterization results