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Most bulge-dominated galaxies host black holes with masses that tightlycorrelate with the masses of their bulges. This may indicate that the blackholes may regulate galaxy growth or vice versa, or that they may grow inlock-step. The quest to understand how, when, and where those black-holesformed motivates much of extragalactic astronomy. Here we focus on a populationof galaxies with active black holes in their nuclei (active galactic nuclei orAGN), that are fully or partially hidden by dust and gas: the emission from thebroad line region is either completely or partially obscured with a visualextinction of 1 or above. This limit, though not yet precise, appears to be thepoint at which the populations of AGN may evolve differently. We highlight theimportance of finding and studying those dusty AGN at redshifts between 1 and3, the epoch when the universe may have gone through its most dramatic changes.We emphasize the need for future large multiplexed spectroscopic instrumentsthat can perform dedicated surveys in the optical and NIR to pin down thedemographics of such objects and study their reddening properties,star-formation histories, and excitation conditions. These key studies willshed light on the role of black holes in galaxy evolution during the epoch ofpeak growth activity.

High Redshift Obscured Quasars and the Need for Optical to NIR, Massively Multiplexed, Spectroscopic Facilities