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The susceptibility to delamination is one of the main concerns in fiberreinforced polymer composites (FRPs). This work demonstrates improvements of60% in Mode-I fracture toughness after integration of thin (~30 micron),continuous veils of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly deposited onto carbonfiber fabric as the CNT are drawn from the gas-phase using a semi-industrialprocess. A combination of optical imaging, scanning electron microscopy and aRaman spectroscopy provide a new rapid tool to unambiguously determine thecrack propagation path by simple visual inspection of fracture surface. Theresults show that interlaminar crossing between CNT veil/CF interfaces is ofparamount importance. The crack front alternatingly propagates above and belowthe CNT-toughened interlayer, significantly improving the fracture toughness ofresultant laminates. This mechanism is strongly influenced by the method usedto integrate the veils onto the CF. CNT veils directly deposited onto thefabrics as a low-density layer lead to large improvements in interlaminarproperties, whereas compact CNT veils densified by solvent exposure prior totheir integration in the lay-up act as defects.

Interlaminar toughening in structural carbon fiber/epoxy composites interleaved with carbon nanotube veils