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In millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels, to overcome the high path loss,beamforming is required. Hence, the spatial representation of the channel isessential. Further, for accurate beam alignment and minimizing the outages,inter-beam interferences, etc., cluster-level spatial modeling is alsonecessary. Since, statistical channel models fail to reproduce theintra-cluster parameters due to the site-specific nature of the mmWave channel,in this paper, we propose a ray tracing intra-cluster model (RT-ICM) for mmWavechannels. The model considers only the first-order reflection; thereby reducingthe computation load while capturing most of the energy in a large number ofimportant cases. The model accounts for diffuse scattering as it contributessignificantly to the received power. Finally, since the clusters are spatiallywell-separated due to the sparsity of first-order reflectors, we generalize theintra-cluster model to the mmWave channel model via replication. Since narrowbeamwidth increases the number of single-order clusters, we show that theproposed model suits well to MIMO and massive MIMO applications. We illustratethat the model gives matching results with published measurements made in aclassroom at 60 GHz. For this specific implementation, while the maximumcluster angle of arrival (AoA) error is 1 degree, mean angle spread error is 9degrees. The RMS error for the cluster peak power is found to be 2.2 dB.

An Intra-Cluster Model with Diffuse Scattering for mmWave Communications: RT-ICM