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When a space body enters Earth's atmosphere, its surface is exposed to highpressure and temperatures. The airflow tears off small droplets from themeteoroid forming a cloud of meteorite dust. Can new materials be synthesizedin these unique conditions (high temperature, pressure, gaseous atmosphere,catalysts)? As a rule, meteoritic dust dissipates in the atmosphere without atrace or is mixed with terrestrial soil. The Chelyabinsk superbolide, thebiggest in the 21st century, which exploded on February 15, 2013 above snowyfields of the Southern Urals, was an exception. Two new types of materials werefound during an in-depth study: thread-like structures that were not previouslyassociated with meteorite falls and unique carbon crystals with a size ofseveral micrometers that were not observed before. The nature of formation ofthread-like structures is fully similar to the nature of formation of Pele'shair during eruptions of terrestrial volcanos. Multiple twin growth mechanismof formation of closed shell graphite microcrystals was proposed based on DFTand classical/ab initio MD simulations. It was found that among severalpossible embryo carbon nanoclusters the C60 fullerene andpolyhexacyclooctadecane -C18H12- may be the main suspects responsible for theformation of closed shell quasi-spherical and hexagonal rod graphitemicrocrystals.

Pele's hairs and exotic multiply twinned graphite closed-shell microcrystals in meteoritic dust of Chelyabinsk superbolide