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We have investigated the benefits and drawbacks of active EM surveying(Controlled-Source EM or CSEM) for monitoring geothermal reservoirs in thepresence of strong industrial noise with an actual time-lapse survey over theReykjanes geothermal field in Iceland before and after the thermal stimulationof the supercritical RN-15/IDDP-2 geothermal well. It showed that a high CSEMsurvey repeatability can be achieved with electric field measurements (within afew percent) but that time-lapse MT survey is a challenging task because of thehigh level of cultural noise in this industrialized environment. To assess thequality of our CSEM dataset, we inverted the data and confronted the resultingresistivity model with the resistivity logged in the RN-15/IDDP-2 well. Weobtained a good match up to 2-3km depth, i.e. enough to image the caprock andthe liquid-dominated reservoir but not deep enough to image the reservoir insupercritical conditions. To obtain such an image, we had to jointly invertlegacy MT data with our CSEM data. On the monitoring aspects, the analysis ofchanges in electric fields did not allow to identify any CSEM signal related tothe thermal stimulation of the RN-15/IDDP-2 well. One possible explanation isthe weakness of the time-lapse CSEM signal compared the achieved CSEM surveyrepeatability as a result of a limited resistivity change over a limited volumewithin the reservoir.

Imaging and monitoring the Reykjanes supercritical geothermal reservoir in Iceland with time-lapse CSEM and MT measurements