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This Series of Articles provides a local resolution of this majorlongstanding foundational problem between QM and GR, or, more generally,between Background Dependent and Background Independent Physics. We focus onthe classical version; the concepts we use are moreover universal enough toadmit quantum counterparts. This requires a series of articles to lay outbecause the Problem of Time is multi-faceted and is largely about interferencesbetween facets, with traditional solutions to individual facets breaking downin attempted joint resolutions of facets. [98] already covered this at both theclassical and semiclassical quantum levels. This Series serves, firstly, toisolate this resolution from [98]'s introductory and field-wide comparativematerial, passing from an 84-part work down to just a 14-part one. Secondly, toclarify that, at the usual differential-geometric level of structure used inphysical theories, our classical local resolution is entirely catered for byLie's mathematics. This renders our local classical part of the Problem of Timeunderstandable by a very large proportion of Theoretical Physics or Mathematicsmajors.  In this first article, we cover a first aspect: Temporal Relationalism. Thisgeneralizes the facet traditionally known as the Frozen Formalism Problem, thatfollows from the quantum form of GR's Hamiltonian constraint.

A Local Resolution of the Problem of Time. I. Introduction and Temporal Relationalism