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To enable realistic studies of massive multiple-input multiple-outputsystems, the COST 2100 channel model is extended based on measurements. First,the concept of a base station-side visibility region (BS-VR) is proposed tomodel the appearance and disappearance of clusters when using aphysically-large array. We find that BS-VR lifetimes are exponentiallydistributed, and that the number of BS-VRs is Poisson distributed withintensity proportional to the sum of the array length and the mean lifetime.Simulations suggest that under certain conditions longer lifetimes can helpdecorrelating closely-located users. Second, the concept of a multipathcomponent visibility region (MPC-VR) is proposed to model birth-death processesof individual MPCs at the mobile station side. We find that both MPC lifetimesand MPC-VR radii are lognormally distributed. Simulations suggest that unlessMPC-VRs are applied the channel condition number is overestimated. Keystatistical properties of the proposed extensions, e.g., autocorrelationfunctions, maximum likelihood estimators, and Cramer-Rao bounds, are derivedand analyzed.

Massive MIMO Extensions to the COST 2100 Channel Model: Modeling and Validation