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Kepler-9, discovered by Holman et al. 2010, was the first system withmultiple confirmed transiting planets and the first system to clearly showlong-anticipated transit timing variations (TTVs). We review the historicalcircumstances behind the discovery and characterization of these planets andthe publication of Holman et al. 2010. It was the first major novel exoplanetdiscovery of the Kepler Space Telescope mission. The Kepler pipeline identifiedtwo Saturn-radius candidates (called Kepler Objects of Interest or KOIs):KOI-377.01 with a 19-day period and KOI-377.02 with a 39-day period. Even withonly 9 transits for KOI-377.01 and 6 of KOI-377.02, the transit times werecompletely inconsistent with a linear ephemeris and showed stronglyanti-correlated variations in transit times. Holman et al. 2010 were able toreadily show that these objects were planetary mass, confirming them as bonafide planets Kepler-9b and Kepler-9c. As a multi-transiting system exhibitingstrong TTVs, the relative planetary properties (e.g., mass ratio, radius ratio)were strongly constrained, opening a new chapter in comparative planetology.KOI-377.03, a small planet with a 1.5-day period, was not initially discoveredby the Kepler pipeline, but was identified during the analysis of the otherplanets and was later confirmed as Kepler-9d through the BLENDER technique byTorres et al. 2011. Holman et al. 2010 included significant dynamical analysisto characterize Kepler-9's particular TTVs: planets near resonance show largeamplitude anti-correlated TTVs with a period corresponding to the rotation ofthe line of conjunctions and an additional "chopping" signal due to thechanging positions of the planets. We also review the updated properties ofthis system and propose ideas for future investigations.

Kepler-9: the First Multi-Transiting System and the First Transit Timing Variations