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Diffusion tractography is routinely used to study white matter architectureand brain connectivity in vivo. A key step for successful tractography ofneuronal tracts is the correct identification of tract directions in eachvoxel. Here we propose a fingerprinting-based methodology to identify thesefiber directions in Orientation Distribution Functions, dubbedODF-Fingerprinting (ODF-FP). In ODF-FP, fiber configurations are selected basedon the similarity between measured ODFs and elements in a pre-computed library.In noisy ODFs, the library matching algorithm penalizes the more complex fiberconfigurations. ODF simulations and analysis of bootstrapped partial andwhole-brain in vivo datasets show that the ODF-FP approach improves thedetection of fiber pairs with small crossing angles while maintaining fiberdirection precision, which leads to better tractography results. Rather thanfocusing on the ODF maxima, the ODF-FP approach uses the whole ODF shape toinfer fiber directions to improve the detection of fiber bundles with smallcrossing angle. The resulting fiber directions aid tractography algorithms inaccurately displaying neuronal tracts and calculating brain connectivity.

Fingerprinting Orientation Distribution Functions in Diffusion MRI detects smaller crossing angles